INAF U6042x and y Energy Business & Economic Development 3 pts. Instructor Permission Required Energy is a key input and a key business in economic development. The course first develops the current understanding of the economic development process, with a focus on the role of energy, and energy businesses and markets. Then we examine development problems and policies in resource dependent economies, middle income reforming economies, low income economies and conclude with a look at the interface between economic development and environmental protection. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Energy Policy.

INAF U6065y The Economics Of Energy 3 pts. Will we run out of oil? What determines the cost of a ton of coal? Should we subsidize low-carbon or tax fossil energy? Are renewables worth the price tag? This course addresses some of the fundamental questions in energy economics. It covers markets for coal, oil, natural gas and renewables. We will gain an understanding of how the various markets work, how they do not, and what the appropriate regulatory responses are. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Energy Policy.

INAF U6066y Energy and Power Financing Markets The global energy industry is comprised of the largest and most interrelated set of businesses in the world. From its inception, the industry has grown dramatically to provide ever increasing amounts of energy and power to commercial, industrial and retail consumers around the world. Given its unique industry structure, specialized financing techniques have been developed to expand and/or complement conventional public and private financing alternatives. These specialized financing approaches have, in turn, allowed the energy industry to access an unprecedented range of capital sources to finance its increasingly complex and challenging business model. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Energy Policy.

INAF U6080y The Energy Industry in the Middle East 3 pts.Not offered in 2011-2012. This course will examine the energy business in oil and gas-exporting countries of the Middle East and Africa, which will assume an increasingly important role in the international energy business during the coming decades. Not only do Middle East and African producers account for a vast share of global energy resources and a high percentage of oil and gas trade flows, but they are becoming major, fast-rising consumers in their own right. In general, managing economic development in these countries presents a major challenge to their governments. Nowhere is this more so than in the energy sector, where policy issues facing the governments include, inter alia, the nature and extent of foreign direct investment and the appropriate role of foreign companies. Lectures will draw on first-hand experience of the instructors and published materials, and students will make presentations and participate in case study discussions. SIPA: MIA- Interstate Relations. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: Middle East. SIPA: E&E- Energy Policy.

INAF U6082y The Energy Industry in East Asia 3 pts.Not offered in 2011-2012. This course will examine the energy industry in "East Asia" (broadly defined to include Oceania), which is expected to account for the world's most dramatic regional growth in energy demand over the next several decades. We will emphasize strategic-level management issues that face energy industry decision-makers in the government and private sectors as they address the formulation of policies, strategies, alliances and investment plans. The course will consider the general nature of international business as it applies to the energy industry, and will consider the specific situation in a number of key countries in the region: China (the most important), Japan, Korea, the Southeast Asian group, and (using our expanded geographic definition) Australia. SIPA: MIA- Interstate Relations. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Energy Policy.

INAF U6242y Energy Policy 3 pts. The course provides a survey and analysis of the various dimensions, domestic and international, of policy formulation that, taken together, constitute energy policy. These dimensions include contributing to access to and production of natural energy resources; insuring the security and reliability of energy sources; promoting the diversity of fuels and development of new technologies in light of energy security and climate change mitigation objectives; promoting energy conservation and energy efficiency; environmental regulation at the domestic (air and water quality) and global (climate) levels. The objectives inspiring these policies are pursued through a combination of reliance on energy markets; subsidies and tax policy; development of energy infrastructure and a broad array of international policies influencing relations among and between net exporting and net importing countries. The origin of each policy issue, and lessons from significant "market failures," are examined and the consequences of policy alternatives are evaluated. The major legal and regulatory themes of U.S. energy policy are examined (Part 1) and so are the essential dimensions of international policies affecting the international energy scene. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Energy Policy.

INAF U6426y Energy Industry in Latin America This course will examine the energy industry in energy-exporting countries of Latin America, which are expected to play an ever greater role in the international energy business during the coming decades. Latin American producers account for an important share of global energy resources and a substantial percentage of oil and gas trade flows, and at the same time they are becoming themselves fast-rising consumers of energy. Managing economic development in these countries generally has presented a major challenge to their governments. This is especially evident in the energy sector, where policy issues facing the governments include, inter alia, the nature and extent of foreign direct investment and the appropriate role of foreign companies (both private and government-controlled). We will emphasize strategic-level management issues that face energy industry decision-makers in the government and private sectors as they address the formulation of policies, strategies, alliances and investment plans. The first half of the course will consider the general nature of international business as it applies to the energy industry in the region, and the second half will consider the specific situation in a number of key countries: Brazil, Venezuela, Mexico, Argentina, the Andean group, and selected island nations in the Caribbean. SIPA: MIA- Interstate Relations. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Energy Policy.

INAF U6429y Energy Industry in the BRICS This course will examine the energy industry in the BRICS from a comparative perspective, emphasizing both similarities (notably the role of state-owned companies and the challenges of fast domestic growth) and differences. Special attention will be devoted to the strategic-level management issues facing decision-makers in the government and private sectors as they address the formulation of policies, strategies, alliances and investment plans. The first part of the course will consider the general nature of international business as it applies to the energy industry in the BRICS, and the remainder of the course will consider the specific situation in the individual member countries and their impact on global energy markets. SIPA: MIA- Interstate Relations. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Energy Policy.

INAF U8537y Climate Change Policy 3 pts. Climate change is the most challenging international policy problem that exists today. The course will primarily focus on two questions. First, what should be done about climate change? Second, what can be done about it? The first question requires an understanding of the science, impacts, technological options, economics, and ethics of climate change policy. The second question requires an understanding of the politics, international law, and international relations aspects of climate change policy. The course will not provide firm answers to these questions. It aims instead to provide a framework and the knowledge required for students to come to their own conclusions. Indeed, every student taking this course is required to answer these questions, and to defend their conclusions rigorously. SIPA: MIA- Interstate Relations. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: E&E- Energy Policy.

SDEV U6235y Climate Change, Development, and Human Rights 3 pts. The fundamental behavior of the Earth's climate system is now very well understood including, in a first order way, the spatial and temporal scales of natural variability that occur, from the rhythmic change of seasons to irregular El Nino cycles, longer period changes and the distribution and frequency of extreme events like cyclones. From this basis it is possible to predict what form of human activity can cause perturbations to the climate system in terms of climate zone spatial distribution and variability, including extremes. Where there is little or no consensus is in the consequences for human development and human rights that climate changes will bring about. Throughout the world the outcomes of climate change will be very uneven with some no doubt benefiting and others suffering, even in the same regions. The potential for vast global inequities in direct and indirect effects (resulting from mitigation and adaptation programs) of global climate change appears very real. The course will explore the critical nexus between climate change, economic and political development and human rights. SIPA: MIA- Interstate Relations. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: Human Rights. SIPA: E&E- Energy Policy.

SIPA U0010x and y (Section 4) Concentration:Energy & Environment - Sustainable Energy All SIPA candidates are required to register for one of the policy concentrations in each semester of matriculation at SIPA. The concentration registration will be for zero academic credits and will not affect or be affected by fees or financial charges. SIPA: E&E- Energy Policy.

SIPA U9002y Capstone Workshop 3 pts.

LAW L8452x or y Seminar: Energy Law 2 pts. This is a Law School course.

For more detailed course information, please go to the Law School Curriculum Guide at: http://www.law.columbia.edu/courses/search SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: Electives. SIPA: E&E- Energy Policy.

ENVP U6224y Environmental Data Analysis 3 pts. Environmental Data Analysis is focused on bringing to students a rigorous look at the statistical analysis of environmental data in different contexts through a combination of lectures and laboratory exercises. We will look at emerging tools and methods for environmental data analysis across four topic areas; climate change assessments, environmental justice, land use and land cover change and impacts of natural hazards on populations.

We will explore applications of multilevel modeling analysis, regression techniques, risk assessment, cost-benefit analysis, cluster analysis, and data visualization techniques within these topic areas. Underlying all our analysis will be the goal of learning how to apply statistical and data visualization techniques to affect policy and decision-making. All laboratory exercises will illustrate the research process from data collection to publication. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: PESP.

ENVP U6228y Corporate Sustainable Development and the Role of Government in Advancing Environmental and Social Performance 3 pts. Corporate sustainable development, as compared to traditional business approaches to environmental management, optimizes environmental and social performance to improve the long term competitiveness and asset value of the firm. For companies focusing on sustainability, regulatory compliance is not viewed as an endpoint but as one of the many measures of corporate performance. The prime drivers for such companies are brand value, product differentiation, cost and risk reduction and enhancement of environmental and social conditions through their operations and the goods and services that they provide. Governments at all levels are playing important roles in informing and engaging industry to advance sustainable development. Agencies are: implementing procurement requirements to incorporate sustainability into purchasing programs; providing technical support and incentives to advance sustainable practice; facilitating environmental markets; and engaging in public/private partnerships to advance research and facilitate demonstration projects. This course will focus on the underpinnings and elements of the evolving field of corporate sustainable development (corporate sustainability). It will commence with an historical perspective on its emergence and conclude by exploring the expanding role of governments in fostering its widespread application. The course also will address the challenges that our society faces in moving toward an environmentally sustainable and socially responsible economy, focusing on the need to refine and scale-up the role of government as an instrument in facilitating this transition. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: PESP.

ENVP U6230y Economics of Sustainable Development 3 pts.Not offered in 2011-2012. The objective of this course is to equip students with the skills necessary to critically analyze policy alternatives which further Sustainable Development. Throughout the course, students will compare competing objectives and policies through the prism of economic reasoning. Although some mathematical economic models will be discussed, the emphasis of the course will be on using economic intuition rather than mathematics. By the end of the course, students should have a firm understanding of competing views regarding what constitutes sustainability and development, and appropriate policies to get us there. In addition, they should be able to express their own views in a manner that demonstrates an understanding of general economic theory. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: USP- Social Policy Track. SIPA: PESP.

ENVP U6260y Climate Change in Africa 3 pts. Anthropogenic climate change is fast becoming the pivotal issue of our time. Excessive carbon emissions in our atmosphere have begun to change the global climate and researchers predict more drastic changes in the future. Climate change is characterized not only by global warming but also by changing patterns of precipitation, temperature extremes, increased frequency of tropical storms, and rising sea level. These changes will have dramatic impacts on social development worldwide. Climate change may aggravate existing problems in the developing world, including overuse of natural resources and overpopulation. Africa in particular is projected to suffer more from anthropogenic climate change than any other region of the world, despite having contributed least to its causes. This is not so much or not only because climate change will manifest itself in more extreme form in Africa, but rather because Africa is more vulnerable. Therefore, though climate problems are inherently global in nature, they are of particular relevance to policy makers in Africa. This course will address the impact of climate change in Africa in two parts. The first half of the course will provide the global context for climate change adaptation in Africa, with readings from the 4th Assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and discussion of global mechanisms in adaptation to climate change. The 4th Assessment report of the IPCC details the climate changes researchers have already observed worldwide. The report also assesses the probable causes of these changes and offers projections of future climate change. Additionally, IPCC researchers propose strategies to mitigate climate change effects on communities and nations while pursuing sustainable development.The second half of the course will focus on the environmental policy challenges facing Africa through a case study - the long-term drought experienced in the Sahel since the late 1960's. SIPA: Africa. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy.

INAF U4722y Intro to Environmental Law 3 pts. This course provides an overview of environmental law and regulation for students without a legal background. The course will examine existing U.S. statutes and regulations, including those enacted to control pollution, regulate risk, and manage public resources, and will explore the major concepts and regulatory approaches embodied in these laws. The course will also provide an introduction to the U.S. legal system and the role of law and the lawyer in protecting our environment. Although the course will focus largely on federal law, there will be some discussion of international and state law as well. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy.

INAF U4727y Environmental Politics & Policy Management 3 pts. Environmental policies reflect society's decisions about what to do to address environmental problems, formalized through institutions of governance. Now more than ever, it is urgent that we design and carry out environmental policies that are effective at resolving adequately defined problems, and also represent the consensus of those who are governed. This course prepares students professionally and intellectually for this important task. In the course we consider how politics - the negotiation of power - shapes, enables and constrains the formation environmental policies; and how management - the coordination of people and other resources to achieve goals - makes, breaks, or muddles their implementation. To undertake this inquiry, we will look at the role of the law, markets, organizations, and technology in the structuring the interplay among environmental politics, policy, and management. The focus of this course will be U.S. Environmental Politics, Policy, Management and institutions, but we will be looking at global regimes of climate change governance, environmental policy in China, and considering other transnational and global issues as well. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: USP- Urban Policy Track.

INAF U6016x and y Cost-Benefit Analysis 3 pts. This course aims to provide an introduction to the basic principles of cost-benefit analysis, i.e., the economic appraisal of public investment projects, expenditures, programs, and regulations. I will begin with a relatively brief review of the techniques of financial appraisal (i.e. cash flow analysis) of projects, since similar techniques are used in most cost-benefit analysis exercises. However, while a financial analyst for a private, profit--making entity focuses only on the net cashflows the entity receives from a project, the cost-benefit analyst has to consider a proposal's economic costs and benefits from a societal perspective. This course should be most directly relevant for those who intend to pursue careers in the public sector as analysts/applied economists with governmental agencies, public authorities, multilateral institutions, or research institutes/think-tanks. SIPA: APEA. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: IFEP- Finance. SIPA: IFEP- Economic Policy. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: Management. SIPA: USP- Urban Policy Track.

INAF U6056y Political Economics and Environmental Policy 3 pts. The purpose of this course is to give the students a formal structure on how to think about policy formation, with a special emphasise on environmental policy. By having formal tools to analyze policy formation, the students should be able to better understand the institutional limits, and possibilities, for passing and implementing specific policies. Also, for those working in an international organization it would give them better tools for understanding what type of policies are feasible to enact in a specific institutional environment. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy.

INAF U6243y International Relations of the Environment 3 pts. This course examines issues central to the theory and practice of international environmental politics. It provides a foundation of conceptual frameworks and factual knowledge for individuals planning work in this or related fields. Readings, lectures and discussion address many issues but we focus on factors that contribute to or impede the creation and implementation of effective international environmental policy. The course consists of three interrelated sections: (1) The Process and Difficulty of Creating and Implementing Effective International Environmental Policy; (2) The Setting for International Environmental Politics: Actors, Issues, Trends, and Law; and (3) Causal Factors in Creating Effective International Environmental Policy and Regimes. SIPA: MIA- Interstate Relations. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy.

INAF U6627y Marine Energy Transportation, Technology, Economics & Policy 3 pts. An introduction to tanker transportation of crude oil and petroleum. This course covers the history of energy and energy transportation, rate setting mechanism in a free market economy, the forecasting process in the oil trades, international governmental policies on oil pollution and regulation of ship operation, , various means of quality assurance in ship operation, safety and environmental issues, chartering and commercial issues, ship finance and economic. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy.

INAF U6760y Managing Risk in Natural and other Disasters 3 pts. Natural and technological disasters occur when natural and technological processes inflict harm on a vulnerable society during extreme events. Natural disasters include draughts, floods, storms, landslides, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other natural processes. They are normal, albeit extreme events of the Earth's dynamics. Technological disasters are caused by "normal" failures of technical systems. "Normal" is used here in the sense that generally the occurrence rates and magnitudes of failures and related events can be statistically quantified in advance but are highly uncertain (and sometimes actuarially impractical, e.g. for terrorist attacks). The natural and man-made events become disasters only when they affect exposed vulnerable societies. Vulnerability, or lack of resilience, can be caused by many factors such as concentration of population and assets when placed in harms way. Vulnerability differs fundamentally between more developed countries (MDCs) and less developed countries (LDCs). In LDCs, vulnerability is often associated with poverty, inequity, lack of information, or greed that may place people or entire populations into harm's predictable way. Public and private institutions may lack the political capacity, the will, or the resources to build sufficient disaster resilience by persistent assessment, planning and sustained risk mitigating actions. Are disasters the result of an unresolved dichotomy between long-term persistence of natural and cultural processes, vs. the short-term horizon of political perceptions and decisions? Are disasters scientifically "predictable"? How do urbanization and industrialization increase human vulnerability to natural and technological hazards or even create new hazards? How do the effects of disasters differ in less vs. more developed countries? How can the risks be managed? We assess science, technical, policy and humanitarian needs and opportunities for pre-event mitigation and preparedness and post-event relief and recovery. We explore the role of global economic development to the rapidly increasing risk exposure. Some of this development is unsustainable. Some development is promoted via loans to developing countries for large infrastructure projects. Many of these projects are not properly assessed for the existing hazards to which they will be exposed, or for the new risks they generate. How can external disaster relief best serve indigenous needs and help to build the locally needed resilience and coping capacity? Under what conditions can disaster mitigation become a local and global cultural value with equitable burdens and effects? Can disasters be managed without first solving all other societal ills? Can science and engineering make a unique contribution to reduce risk exposure and directly build local capacity and disaster resilience, without having to submit to sometimes oppressive or uncivil political norms? Students are challenged to find their own answers to some of these questions based on introductory information provided, and their own research and reasoning. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: Human Rights. SIPA: Humanitarian Affairs.

INAF U8537y Climate Change Policy 3 pts. Climate change is the most challenging international policy problem that exists today. The course will primarily focus on two questions. First, what should be done about climate change? Second, what can be done about it? The first question requires an understanding of the science, impacts, technological options, economics, and ethics of climate change policy. The second question requires an understanding of the politics, international law, and international relations aspects of climate change policy. The course will not provide firm answers to these questions. It aims instead to provide a framework and the knowledge required for students to come to their own conclusions. Indeed, every student taking this course is required to answer these questions, and to defend their conclusions rigorously. SIPA: MIA- Interstate Relations. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: E&E- Energy Policy.

INAF U8910y Food, Farming & Famine: Struggles for Sustainability 3 pts. U.S. agricultural practice has been presented as a paradigm for the rest of the world to emulate, yet is a result of over a century of unique development. Contemporary agriculture has its historical roots in the widely varied farming practices, social and political organizations, and attitudes toward the land of generations of farmers and visionaries. We will explore major forces shaping the practice of U.S. agriculture, particularly geographical and social perspectives and the development and adoption of agricultural science and technology. We will consider how technological changes and political developments (government policies, rationing, subsidies) shape visions of and transmission of agriculture and the agrarian ideal. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: United States.

INAF U8912y Technology, Innovation and Sustainable Goals 1.5 pts. It has become vital (because of mass poverty,climate change,biodiversity rapid erosion,water and food crisis,...), to shift to a more sustainable form of development.This will require effectively mobilizing all resources of human societies:scientific and technical resources,as well as behavioral and institutional moving forces.None may be neglected,and the way they are articulated will be decisive. SIPA: Applied Science. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: USP- Social Policy Track. SIPA: Short Courses.

SDEV U6235y Climate Change, Development, and Human Rights 3 pts. The fundamental behavior of the Earth's climate system is now very well understood including, in a first order way, the spatial and temporal scales of natural variability that occur, from the rhythmic change of seasons to irregular El Nino cycles, longer period changes and the distribution and frequency of extreme events like cyclones. From this basis it is possible to predict what form of human activity can cause perturbations to the climate system in terms of climate zone spatial distribution and variability, including extremes. Where there is little or no consensus is in the consequences for human development and human rights that climate changes will bring about. Throughout the world the outcomes of climate change will be very uneven with some no doubt benefiting and others suffering, even in the same regions. The potential for vast global inequities in direct and indirect effects (resulting from mitigation and adaptation programs) of global climate change appears very real. The course will explore the critical nexus between climate change, economic and political development and human rights. SIPA: MIA- Interstate Relations. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: Human Rights. SIPA: E&E- Energy Policy.

SDEV U6260y Disasters and Development This course investigates the impact of natural disasters on sustainable developing with emphasis on the role they may play in development countries. In the first decade of the 21st century an unusually large number of natural disasters - from earthquakes and associated tsunamis, to hurricanes floods and droughts -- have struck across the world, affecting countries from the wealthiest and most openly governed to the poorest with failed, fragile or authoritarian governments. The socio-economic effects in all places affected by these disasters are still unfolding. Some seem to be deeply impacted while others have had relatively little lasting impact. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy.

SDEV U9240y Human Ecology and Sustainable Development 3 pts. This course describes the interactions between physical ecology and economic development, and stresses the two-way interactions between the physical environment and economic development. Ecological constraints (climate, disease ecology, physical resources such as soils and energy sources, topography and transport conditions) significantly shape the patterns of economic development, demography, and wealth and poverty. At the same time, anthropogenic activities (farming, resource depletion, demographic stresses, energy use) change the physical environment. The course aims to give a rigorous treatment of this two-way interaction, building on a rigorous foundation of earth systems processes to understand the ecological bases of human settlement. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: USP- Social Policy Track. SIPA: Development Practice.

SIPA U0010x and y (Section 3) Concentration: Energy & Environment - Environment All SIPA candidates are required to register for one of the policy concentrations in each semester of matriculation at SIPA. The concentration registration will be for zero academic credits and will not affect or be affected by fees or financial charges SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy.

SIPA U9002y Capstone Workshop 3 pts.

EHSC P6300x or y Environmental Health Sciences 3 pts. This is a Public Health Course. Public Health classes are offered on the Health Services Campus at 168th Street.

For more detailed course information, please go to Mailman School of Public Health Courses website at http://www.mailman.hs.columbia.edu/academics/courses SIPA: Applied Science. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: USP- Social Policy Track. SIPA: Electives.

EHSC P8304 Public Health Impacts of Climate Change 3 pts. This is a Public Health Course. Public Health classes are offered on the Health Services Campus at 168th Street.

For more detailed course information, please go to Mailman School of Public Health Courses website at http://www.mailman.hs.columbia.edu/academics/courses SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: USP- Social Policy Track. SIPA: Electives.

LAW L6038y Climate Change Law 3 pts.

This is a Law School course.

For more detailed course information, please go to the Law School Curriculum Guide at: http://www.law.columbia.edu/courses/search

LAW L6040y International Environmental Law 2 pts.

This is a Law School course.

For more detailed course information, please go to the Law School Curriculum Guide at: http://www.law.columbia.edu/courses/search

LAW L9155y Environmental Litigation 2 pts. This is a Law School course.

For more detailed course information, please go to the Law School Curriculum Guide at: http://www.law.columbia.edu/courses/search

PLAN A6010y Planning for Urban Ecosystems 3 pts.SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: USP- Urban Policy Track. SIPA: Electives.

ENVP U6228y Corporate Sustainable Development and the Role of Government in Advancing Environmental and Social Performance 3 pts. Corporate sustainable development, as compared to traditional business approaches to environmental management, optimizes environmental and social performance to improve the long term competitiveness and asset value of the firm. For companies focusing on sustainability, regulatory compliance is not viewed as an endpoint but as one of the many measures of corporate performance. The prime drivers for such companies are brand value, product differentiation, cost and risk reduction and enhancement of environmental and social conditions through their operations and the goods and services that they provide. Governments at all levels are playing important roles in informing and engaging industry to advance sustainable development. Agencies are: implementing procurement requirements to incorporate sustainability into purchasing programs; providing technical support and incentives to advance sustainable practice; facilitating environmental markets; and engaging in public/private partnerships to advance research and facilitate demonstration projects. This course will focus on the underpinnings and elements of the evolving field of corporate sustainable development (corporate sustainability). It will commence with an historical perspective on its emergence and conclude by exploring the expanding role of governments in fostering its widespread application. The course also will address the challenges that our society faces in moving toward an environmentally sustainable and socially responsible economy, focusing on the need to refine and scale-up the role of government as an instrument in facilitating this transition. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: PESP.

ENVP U6230y Economics of Sustainable Development 3 pts.Not offered in 2011-2012. The objective of this course is to equip students with the skills necessary to critically analyze policy alternatives which further Sustainable Development. Throughout the course, students will compare competing objectives and policies through the prism of economic reasoning. Although some mathematical economic models will be discussed, the emphasis of the course will be on using economic intuition rather than mathematics. By the end of the course, students should have a firm understanding of competing views regarding what constitutes sustainability and development, and appropriate policies to get us there. In addition, they should be able to express their own views in a manner that demonstrates an understanding of general economic theory. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: USP- Social Policy Track. SIPA: PESP.

ENVP U6260y Climate Change in Africa 3 pts. Anthropogenic climate change is fast becoming the pivotal issue of our time. Excessive carbon emissions in our atmosphere have begun to change the global climate and researchers predict more drastic changes in the future. Climate change is characterized not only by global warming but also by changing patterns of precipitation, temperature extremes, increased frequency of tropical storms, and rising sea level. These changes will have dramatic impacts on social development worldwide. Climate change may aggravate existing problems in the developing world, including overuse of natural resources and overpopulation. Africa in particular is projected to suffer more from anthropogenic climate change than any other region of the world, despite having contributed least to its causes. This is not so much or not only because climate change will manifest itself in more extreme form in Africa, but rather because Africa is more vulnerable. Therefore, though climate problems are inherently global in nature, they are of particular relevance to policy makers in Africa. This course will address the impact of climate change in Africa in two parts. The first half of the course will provide the global context for climate change adaptation in Africa, with readings from the 4th Assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and discussion of global mechanisms in adaptation to climate change. The 4th Assessment report of the IPCC details the climate changes researchers have already observed worldwide. The report also assesses the probable causes of these changes and offers projections of future climate change. Additionally, IPCC researchers propose strategies to mitigate climate change effects on communities and nations while pursuing sustainable development.The second half of the course will focus on the environmental policy challenges facing Africa through a case study - the long-term drought experienced in the Sahel since the late 1960's. SIPA: Africa. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy.

INAF U4420y Oil, Rights and Development 1 pt. This multi-layered role-playing simulation, based on a fictitious country, allows exploration of the challenges associated with initiation of a major industrial venture in a developing country as regards any or all of the following: macro-economic and political factors; identification of priorities; environmental management; complications arising from ethnic and religious conflicts; health management (including HIV/AIDS); community development aspects; reconciliation of the interests of a wide variety of stakeholders; media management; achievement of the largest possible Circle of Consensus. The simulation is conducted over two consecutive days and some 50 to 80 participants role-play up to twenty separate entities, including an international industrial company and its competitor, government factions, opposition groups, a local community and wide varieties of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and of media. As in real life, some more general knowledge of the situation is available to all entities, but each one has sole access to information (which may overlap with that of others) which is unique to its own perspective. The emphasis is therefore on sharing and on cooperation to make progress against tight deadlines, on managing information of various degrees of reliability and of balancing conflicting demands. There is no "single right answer" but through the process participants have an opportunity to explore the interplay of a very wide range of factors and develop strategies which are based on a holistic appreciation of the problems involved and on creation of alliances which are by no means obvious at the beginning of the simulation. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: Human Rights.

INAF U4727y Environmental Politics & Policy Management 3 pts. Environmental policies reflect society's decisions about what to do to address environmental problems, formalized through institutions of governance. Now more than ever, it is urgent that we design and carry out environmental policies that are effective at resolving adequately defined problems, and also represent the consensus of those who are governed. This course prepares students professionally and intellectually for this important task. In the course we consider how politics - the negotiation of power - shapes, enables and constrains the formation environmental policies; and how management - the coordination of people and other resources to achieve goals - makes, breaks, or muddles their implementation. To undertake this inquiry, we will look at the role of the law, markets, organizations, and technology in the structuring the interplay among environmental politics, policy, and management. The focus of this course will be U.S. Environmental Politics, Policy, Management and institutions, but we will be looking at global regimes of climate change governance, environmental policy in China, and considering other transnational and global issues as well. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: USP- Urban Policy Track.

INAF U6016x and y Cost-Benefit Analysis 3 pts. This course aims to provide an introduction to the basic principles of cost-benefit analysis, i.e., the economic appraisal of public investment projects, expenditures, programs, and regulations. I will begin with a relatively brief review of the techniques of financial appraisal (i.e. cash flow analysis) of projects, since similar techniques are used in most cost-benefit analysis exercises. However, while a financial analyst for a private, profit--making entity focuses only on the net cashflows the entity receives from a project, the cost-benefit analyst has to consider a proposal's economic costs and benefits from a societal perspective. This course should be most directly relevant for those who intend to pursue careers in the public sector as analysts/applied economists with governmental agencies, public authorities, multilateral institutions, or research institutes/think-tanks. SIPA: APEA. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: IFEP- Finance. SIPA: IFEP- Economic Policy. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy. SIPA: Management. SIPA: USP- Urban Policy Track.

INAF U6032y Investing in Emerging Markets 1.5 pts. The past few years have played host to a seismic shift in influence in the world economy, as emerging markets have risen in prominence. Indeed, Emerging markets now make up over 30% of the global economy. They have overtaken the US as well as the European Union as the largest economic zone in the world. More importantly, they contributed over 50% of global nominal growth in US dollar terms in the last three years, and are likely to represent even more in the coming quarters as growth slows in the developed world. As a result, emerging markets have moved center stage not only in the economic arena, but also in the business as well as in the investment world. Through a mix of analytical overview and case studies, the class will discuss the rise of emerging markets and its consequences from an investment point of view. It will explore current themes and developments in the financial markets of the emerging world. The goals of this class are to provide students with a solid understanding of emerging markets and give them tools that will help them understand the challenges and opportunities that investing in this sector may represent. The first two classes will focus on macroeconomic aspects, seen through the lenses of a 'public market' investor. The following two sessions will concentrate on emerging market investing: why build an allocation to emerging markets and how to invest. In the last three classes, we will discuss several investment themes that are likely to have a major impact on the investment and business world in the coming years. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: IFEP- Finance. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: Short Courses.

INAF U6040y Energy Project Finance and Valuation 3 pts. Corequisites: INAF U6060 (Formerly International Energy Project Development) This course provides an introduction to the processes and issues involved in developing and financing a major international energy project. It examines the interests and roles of the project "stakeholders": governments of the countries in which the energy is produced and consumed; project sponsors (multinational oil and gas companies, state-owned enterprises and other equity investors); lenders (public and private); local partners; and energy buyers. The course will use as a model a multi-billion dollar project in the Middle East that supplies liquefied natural gas (LNG) to South Korea, India, Europe and the United States, and will compare this project with other LNG projects as well as an international oil pipeline project and an international power project. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- IEMP.

INAF U6042x and y Energy Business & Economic Development 3 pts. Instructor Permission Required Energy is a key input and a key business in economic development. The course first develops the current understanding of the economic development process, with a focus on the role of energy, and energy businesses and markets. Then we examine development problems and policies in resource dependent economies, middle income reforming economies, low income economies and conclude with a look at the interface between economic development and environmental protection. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Energy Policy.

INAF U6048y Risk & Scenario Analysis Across the Energy Value Chain 3 pts. Corequisites: INAF U6060 Bringing together insights from various parts of the IEMP program, this course aims to provide an integrated, interdisciplinary perspective on risk management in major oil and gas projects at both corporate and country levels. It explores the nature of risk-taking by international investors in large scale oil and gas projects, and places these risks within the context of sovereign objectives sought by producer countries. An original scenarios methodology and a typology of how 'sovereign' and 'market' objectives combine are used to explore the relationship between international investors, governments, national energy companies (NGOs) and local communities or stakeholders. Case studies from Eurasia make concrete the contemporary challenges for corporate-level risk management, as well as international energy policies and governance related to oil and gas investment. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: Russia.

INAF U6054y Petroleum Markets & Trading 3 pts. Prerequisites: Economics of Energy (U6065) This course surveys the physical and paper components of the global oil market. It focuses on the geological, economic, financial, institutional, and political factors and processes through which global oil prices are determined. · The course is only about oil - not about other energy or other commodities, though they may be discussed · The course is MARKET-focused. It does not deal with country development/planning, though it may be discussed in passing; nor does it deal with oil companies' financial statements and equity valuations. SIPA: E&E- IEMP.

INAF U6057y Electricity Markets 3 pts. Prerequisites: INAF U6060 and INAF U6301 Provides a detailed understanding of fundamentals of electricity dispatch and market design issues for electric energy, capacity and reliability. Policy issues in standard market design are explored. Issues associated with market access for demand response, distributed generation are explored. Electricity markets in developed and developing countries are examined and explored. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: USP- Urban Policy Track. SIPA: USP- Social Policy Track.

INAF U6065y The Economics Of Energy 3 pts. Will we run out of oil? What determines the cost of a ton of coal? Should we subsidize low-carbon or tax fossil energy? Are renewables worth the price tag? This course addresses some of the fundamental questions in energy economics. It covers markets for coal, oil, natural gas and renewables. We will gain an understanding of how the various markets work, how they do not, and what the appropriate regulatory responses are. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Energy Policy.

INAF U6066y Energy and Power Financing Markets The global energy industry is comprised of the largest and most interrelated set of businesses in the world. From its inception, the industry has grown dramatically to provide ever increasing amounts of energy and power to commercial, industrial and retail consumers around the world. Given its unique industry structure, specialized financing techniques have been developed to expand and/or complement conventional public and private financing alternatives. These specialized financing approaches have, in turn, allowed the energy industry to access an unprecedented range of capital sources to finance its increasingly complex and challenging business model. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Energy Policy.

INAF U6080y The Energy Industry in the Middle East 3 pts.Not offered in 2011-2012. This course will examine the energy business in oil and gas-exporting countries of the Middle East and Africa, which will assume an increasingly important role in the international energy business during the coming decades. Not only do Middle East and African producers account for a vast share of global energy resources and a high percentage of oil and gas trade flows, but they are becoming major, fast-rising consumers in their own right. In general, managing economic development in these countries presents a major challenge to their governments. Nowhere is this more so than in the energy sector, where policy issues facing the governments include, inter alia, the nature and extent of foreign direct investment and the appropriate role of foreign companies. Lectures will draw on first-hand experience of the instructors and published materials, and students will make presentations and participate in case study discussions. SIPA: MIA- Interstate Relations. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: Middle East. SIPA: E&E- Energy Policy.

INAF U6082y The Energy Industry in East Asia 3 pts.Not offered in 2011-2012. This course will examine the energy industry in "East Asia" (broadly defined to include Oceania), which is expected to account for the world's most dramatic regional growth in energy demand over the next several decades. We will emphasize strategic-level management issues that face energy industry decision-makers in the government and private sectors as they address the formulation of policies, strategies, alliances and investment plans. The course will consider the general nature of international business as it applies to the energy industry, and will consider the specific situation in a number of key countries in the region: China (the most important), Japan, Korea, the Southeast Asian group, and (using our expanded geographic definition) Australia. SIPA: MIA- Interstate Relations. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Energy Policy.

INAF U6242y Energy Policy 3 pts. The course provides a survey and analysis of the various dimensions, domestic and international, of policy formulation that, taken together, constitute energy policy. These dimensions include contributing to access to and production of natural energy resources; insuring the security and reliability of energy sources; promoting the diversity of fuels and development of new technologies in light of energy security and climate change mitigation objectives; promoting energy conservation and energy efficiency; environmental regulation at the domestic (air and water quality) and global (climate) levels. The objectives inspiring these policies are pursued through a combination of reliance on energy markets; subsidies and tax policy; development of energy infrastructure and a broad array of international policies influencing relations among and between net exporting and net importing countries. The origin of each policy issue, and lessons from significant "market failures," are examined and the consequences of policy alternatives are evaluated. The major legal and regulatory themes of U.S. energy policy are examined (Part 1) and so are the essential dimensions of international policies affecting the international energy scene. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Energy Policy.

INAF U6243y International Relations of the Environment 3 pts. This course examines issues central to the theory and practice of international environmental politics. It provides a foundation of conceptual frameworks and factual knowledge for individuals planning work in this or related fields. Readings, lectures and discussion address many issues but we focus on factors that contribute to or impede the creation and implementation of effective international environmental policy. The course consists of three interrelated sections: (1) The Process and Difficulty of Creating and Implementing Effective International Environmental Policy; (2) The Setting for International Environmental Politics: Actors, Issues, Trends, and Law; and (3) Causal Factors in Creating Effective International Environmental Policy and Regimes. SIPA: MIA- Interstate Relations. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy.

INAF U6301x and y Corporate Finance 3 pts. See Dean Brown or Dean Waysome for Fall registration Prerequisites: SIPA U6200 or PEPM U6223 Corporate finance is an introductory finance course; it is a core course for students taking the International Finance and Policy (IFP) concentration. The course is designed to cover those areas of business finance which are important for all managers, whether they specialize in finance or not. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: IFEP- Finance. SIPA: IFEP- Economic Policy. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: Management.

INAF U6426y Energy Industry in Latin America This course will examine the energy industry in energy-exporting countries of Latin America, which are expected to play an ever greater role in the international energy business during the coming decades. Latin American producers account for an important share of global energy resources and a substantial percentage of oil and gas trade flows, and at the same time they are becoming themselves fast-rising consumers of energy. Managing economic development in these countries generally has presented a major challenge to their governments. This is especially evident in the energy sector, where policy issues facing the governments include, inter alia, the nature and extent of foreign direct investment and the appropriate role of foreign companies (both private and government-controlled). We will emphasize strategic-level management issues that face energy industry decision-makers in the government and private sectors as they address the formulation of policies, strategies, alliances and investment plans. The first half of the course will consider the general nature of international business as it applies to the energy industry in the region, and the second half will consider the specific situation in a number of key countries: Brazil, Venezuela, Mexico, Argentina, the Andean group, and selected island nations in the Caribbean. SIPA: MIA- Interstate Relations. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Energy Policy.

INAF U6429y Energy Industry in the BRICS This course will examine the energy industry in the BRICS from a comparative perspective, emphasizing both similarities (notably the role of state-owned companies and the challenges of fast domestic growth) and differences. Special attention will be devoted to the strategic-level management issues facing decision-makers in the government and private sectors as they address the formulation of policies, strategies, alliances and investment plans. The first part of the course will consider the general nature of international business as it applies to the energy industry in the BRICS, and the remainder of the course will consider the specific situation in the individual member countries and their impact on global energy markets. SIPA: MIA- Interstate Relations. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Energy Policy.

INAF U6602y Economic Development for International Affairs 3 pts. The goal of this course is to provide an overview of the economics of international development. The key objective is to give students a framework to think about the processes that drive economic development, as well as policies that might promote it. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: USP- Social Policy Track.

INAF U6627y Marine Energy Transportation, Technology, Economics & Policy 3 pts. An introduction to tanker transportation of crude oil and petroleum. This course covers the history of energy and energy transportation, rate setting mechanism in a free market economy, the forecasting process in the oil trades, international governmental policies on oil pollution and regulation of ship operation, , various means of quality assurance in ship operation, safety and environmental issues, chartering and commercial issues, ship finance and economic. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: E&E- Environment Policy.

INAF U6680x and y US Energy Security: Geopolitics of Oil & Gas 3 pts. This seminar is designed to provide students with a broad understanding of the relationship between U.S. national security and the economics and politics of the international oil and gas industry. The course places the current U.S. energy predicament in the context of past American experiences, and it analyzes how energy policy affects U.S. relations with other states. The course also examines how these other states use their energy resources (or lack thereof) to cooperate and/or compete with the United States. The political, economic, diplomatic and military aspects of "energy security" are considered through a series of case studies. The final sessions are devoted to the U.S. bilateral energy security issues with Canada and Mexico, Brazil, Nigeria, India, and China. SIPA: MIA- Interstate Relations. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: United States.

INAF U8136y US Foreign Policy-Persian Gulf 3 pts. Instructor Permission Required This course will focus on the process by which U.S. foreign policy is formulated and executed, using the Persian Gulf region as case material. Readings and lectures will examine the relationship between U.S. government agencies (White House, State, Defense, CIA, Congress, etc.) and instrumentalities (declaratory policy, diplomacy, military presence, arms transfers, covert action, etc.) in the pursuit of national goals. Special attention will be devoted to the analysis of U.S. regional policy and international relations from the Iranian revolution through the two gulf wars to the present. SIPA: MIA- Interstate Relations. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: ISP. SIPA: Middle East. SIPA: United States.

PUAF U8405y Science, Knowledge and Technology 3 pts. Contact Instructor for Permission (dv2146@columbia.edu)Not offered in 2011-2012. How do scientific and technical experts do their work and produce the results that they do? Over the past two decades, both the sociology of science and technology and the interdisciplinary field of science and technology studies have grown rapidly. The result has been an innovative literature and research agenda that has become a critical, intellectual endeavor raising many challenges to traditional ways of thinking about expert knowledge and how it is produced and used. The most fundamental challenges are against the notions 1) that science is the standard for objective inquiry and 2) that scientific and technical knowledge is somehow special and different from other kinds of knowledge. Traditional thinking about human and non-human agency, networks, individual and society, and experts and expert knowledge is also challenged. This new field of interdisciplinary research focuses on science and technology as work, rather than "knowledge," refusing to divorce knowledge from interaction and social organization. The governing assumption of this diverse body of work is that scientific and technical experts - facts, findings, and theories - are shaped by the research project, the laboratory, the organization, the discipline of the scientist or technical expert, and political, historical, cultural, gendered, and economic relations in the wider society. Because we, as academics and professionals, spend our careers producing expert knowledge and consuming knowledge produced by others, understanding the production of scientific and technical knowledge has immediate relevance for research, theory, and policy. The purpose of this course is to read and critically evaluate the canonical works in the sociology of science, knowledge, and technology and to initiate a research project. The research paper for this course can be tailored to meet the student's long term research or professional interests. The readings are organized chronologically to introduce major works and their authors, present an overview of the development of the field, the diversity of perspectives, turning points, and controversies. SIPA: Applied Science. SIPA: E&E- IEMP.

REGN U6149y Energy, Corporate Responsibility & Human Rights 3 pts. This course will focus on energy companies' practices, and their impact. These practices will be examined in part through the prism of Central and Eastern Europe with particular focus on the land of the Rose Revolution, Georgia, through which the strategic multi-billion dollar oil and gas pipelines from Azerbaijan to Turkey and the West are to be constructed. SIPA: EPD. SIPA: IFEP- Finance. SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: Human Rights. SIPA: Russia.

SIPA U0010x and y (Section 2) Concentration: Energy & Environment - Int'l Energy Management and Policy All SIPA candidates are required to register for one of the policy concentrations in each semester of matriculation at SIPA. The concentration registration will be for zero academic credits and will not affect or be affected by fees or financial charges. SIPA: E&E- IEMP.

SIPA U9002y Capstone Workshop 3 pts.

LAW L8452x or y Seminar: Energy Law 2 pts. This is a Law School course.

For more detailed course information, please go to the Law School Curriculum Guide at: http://www.law.columbia.edu/courses/search SIPA: E&E- IEMP. SIPA: Electives. SIPA: E&E- Energy Policy.